Class 10 | science

Metals and Non-Metals

Study properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, extraction of metals and corrosion.

Theory

Study properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, extraction of metals and corrosion.

Concept 1

These properties make metals useful for wires, utensils, machines, and construction materials.

Metals are generally hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Concept 2

They cannot be beaten into sheets or drawn into wires like metals.

Non-metals are generally dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Concept 3

Highly reactive metals react quickly, while less reactive metals are used where corrosion resistance is important.

Metals react with oxygen, water, and acids in different ways depending on their reactivity.

Metals are generally hard, lustrous, malleable and conductive, while non-metals usually show opposite properties.
Metals are usually shiny, strong, and good conductors.
Non-metals are usually brittle and poor conductors.
Reactivity helps us decide how metals are extracted and used.

Quick Check

What are the main physical properties of metals?

Show Answer

Metals are generally lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Explanation

These properties are due to the arrangement of atoms and the presence of free electrons in metals.

Quick Check

Why are non-metals poor conductors of electricity?

Show Answer

Non-metals are poor conductors because they usually do not have free electrons to carry electric current.

Explanation

An exception is graphite, which can conduct electricity because of its special structure.

Quick Check

Why is the reactivity series important?

Show Answer

The reactivity series helps compare metals and predict their reactions and extraction methods.

Explanation

It also helps explain displacement reactions and which metals corrode more easily.

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